Showing posts with label Other Psychotic Disorders. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Other Psychotic Disorders. Show all posts
DSM-IV - Culture-Bound Syndromes
Labels:
Other Psychotic Disorders
[From American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; copyright 2000.] ...
- amok A dissociative episode characterized by a period of brooding followed by an outburst of violent, aggressive, or homicidal behavior directed at persons and objects. The episode tends to be precipitated by a perceived slight or insult and seems to be prevalent only among men. The episode is often accompanied by persecutory idea; automatism, amnesia, exhaustion, and a return to premorbid state following the episode. Some instances of amok may occur during a brief psychotic episode or constitute the onset or an exacerbation of a chronic psychotic process. The original reports that used this term were from Malaysia. A similar behavior pattern is found in Laos, Philippines, Polynesia (cafard or cathard), Papua New Guinea, and Puerto Rico (mal de pelea), and among the Navajo (iich'aa).
- ataque de nervios An idiom of distress principally reported among Latinos from the Caribbean, but recognized among many Latin American and Latin Mediterranean groups. Commonly reported symptoms include uncontrollable shouting, attacks of crying, trembling, heat in the chest rising into the head, and verbal or physical aggression. Dissociative experiences, seizurelike or fainting episodes, and suicidal gestures are prominent in some attacks but absent in others. A general feature of an ataque de nervios is a sense of being out of control. Ataques de nervios frequently occur as a direct result of a stressful event relating to the family (e.g., death of a close relative, separation or divorce from a spouse, conflicts with a spouse or children, or witnessing an accident involving a family member). Persons may experience amnesia for what occurred during the ataque de nervios, but they otherwise return rapidly to their usual level of functioning. Although descriptions of some ataques de nervios most closely fit the DSM description of panic attacks, the association of most ataques with a precipitating event and the frequent absence of the hallmark symptoms of acute fear or apprehension distinguish them from panic disorder. Ataques span the range from normal expressions of distress not associated with a mental disorder to symptom presentations associated with anxiety, mood, dissociative, or somatoform disorders.
- bilis and colera (also referred to as muina) The underlying cause is thought to be strongly experienced anger or rage. Anger is viewed among many Latino groups as a particularly powerful emotion that can have direct effects on the body and exacerbate existing symptoms. The major effect of anger is to disturb core body balances (which are understood as a balance between hot and cold valences in the body and between the material and spiritual aspects of the body). Symptoms can include acute nervous tension, headache, trembling, screaming, stomach disturbances, and, in more severe cases, loss of consciousness. Chronic fatigue may result from an acute episode.
- bouffée délirante A syndrome observed in West Africa and Haiti. The French term refers to a sudden outburst of agitated and aggressive behavior, marked confusion, and psychomotor excitement. It may sometimes be accompanied by visual and auditory hallucinations or paranoid ideation. The episodes may resemble an episode of brief psychotic disorder.
- brain fag A term initially used in West Africa to refer to a condition experienced by high school or university students in response to the challenges of schooling. Symptoms include difficulties in concentrating, remembering, and thinking. Students often state that their brains are “fatigued.” Additional somatic symptoms are usually centered around the head and neck and include pain, pressure or tightness, blurring of vision, heat, or burning. “Brain tiredness” or fatigue from “too much thinking” is an idiom of distress in many cultures, and resulting syndromes can resemble certain anxiety, depressive, and somatoform disorders.
- dhat A folk diagnostic term used in India to refer to severe anxiety and hypochondriacal concerns associated with the discharge of semen, whitish discoloration of the urine, and feelings of weakness and exhaustion. Similar to jiryan (India), sukra prameha (Sri Lanka), and shen-k'uei (China).
- falling-out or blackout Episodes that occur primarily in southern United States and Caribbean groups. They are characterized by a sudden collapse, which sometimes occurs without warming but is sometimes preceded by feelings of dizziness or “swimming” in the head. The person's eyes are usually open, but the person claims an inability to see. Those affected usually hear and understand what is occurring around them but feel powerless to move. This may correspond to a diagnosis of conversion disorder or a dissociative disorder.
- ghost sickness A preoccupation with death and the deceased (sometimes associated with witchcraft), frequently observed among members of many American Indian tribes. Various symptoms can be attributed to ghost sickness, including bad dreams, weakness, feeling of danger, loss of appetite, fainting, dizziness, fear, anxiety, hallucinations, loss of consciousness, confusion, feelings of futility, and a sense of suffocation.
- hwa-byung (also known as wool-hwa-byung) A Korean folk syndrome literally translated into English as “anger syndrome” and attributed to the suppression of anger. The symptoms include insomnia, fatigue, panic, fear of impending death, dysphoric affect, indigestion, anorexia, dyspnea, palpitations, generalized aches and pains, and a feeling of a mass in the epigastrium.
- koro A term probably of Malaysian origin, that refers to an episode of sudden and intense anxiety that the penis (or, in women, the vulva and nipples) will recede into the body and possibly cause death. The syndrome is reported in South and East Asia, where it is known by a variety of local terms, such as shuk yang, shook yong, and suo yang (Chinese); jinjinia bemar (Assam); or rok-joo (Thailand). It is occasionally found in the West. Koro at times occurs in localized epidemic form in East Asian areas. The diagnosis is included in the second edition of Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CCMD-2).
- latah Hypersensitivity to sudden fright, often with echopraxia, echolalia, command obedience, and dissociative or trancelike behavior. The term latah is of Malaysian or Indonesian origin, but the syndrome has been found in many parts of the world. Other terms for the condition are amurakh, irkunil, ikota, olan, myriachit, and menkeiti (Siberian groups); bah tschi, bah-tsi, baah-ji (Thailand); imu (Ainu, Sakhalin, Japan); and mali-mali and silok (Philippines). In Malaysia it is more frequent in middle-aged women.
- locura A term used by Latinos in the United States and Latin America to refer to a severe form of chronic psychosis. The condition is attributed to an inherited vulnerability, to the effect of multiple life difficulties, or to a combination of both factors. Symptoms exhibited by persons with locura include incoherence, agitation, auditory and visual hallucinations, inability to follow rules of social interaction, unpredictability, and possibly violence.
- mal de ojo A concept widely found in Mediterranean cultures and elsewhere in the world. Mal de ojo is a Spanish phrase translated into English as “evil eye.” Children are especially at risk. Symptoms include fitful sleep, crying without apparent cause, diarrhea, vomiting and fever in a child or infant. Sometimes adults (especially women) have the condition.
- nervios A common idiom of distress among Latinos in the United States and Latin America. A number of other ethnic groups have related, though often somewhat distinctive, ideas of nerves (such as nerva among Greeks in North America). Nervios refers both to a general state of vulnerability to stressful life experiences and to a syndrome brought on by difficult life circumstances. The term nervios includes a wide range of symptoms of emotional distress, somatic disturbance, and inability to function. Common symptoms include headaches and brain aches, irritability, stomach disturbances, sleep difficulties, nervousness, easy tearfulness, inability to concentrate, trembling, tingling sensations, and mareos (dizziness with occasional vertigolike exacerbations). Nervios tends to be an ongoing problem, although variable in the degree of disability that is manifest. Nervios is a very broad syndrome that spans the range from patients free of a mental disorder to presentations resembling adjustment, anxiety, depressive, dissociative, somatoform, or psychotic disorders. Differential diagnosis depends on the constellation of symptoms experienced, the kinds of social events that are associated with the onset and progress of nervios, and the level of disability experienced.
- piblokto An abrupt dissociative episode accompanied by extreme excitement of up to 30 minutes' duration and frequently followed by convulsive seizures and coma lasting up to 12 hours. It is observed primarily in Arctic and subarctic Eskimo communities, although regional variations in name exist. The person may be withdrawn or mildly irritable for a period of hours or days before the attack and typically reports complete amnesia for the attack. During the attack persons may tear off their clothing, break furniture, shout obscenities, eat feces, flee from protective shelters, or perform other irrational or dangerous acts.
- qi-gong psychotic reactions Acute, time-limited episodes characterized by dissociative, paranoid, or other psychotic or nonpsychotic symptoms that may occur after participation in the Chinese folk health-enhancing practice of qi-gong (exercise of vital energy). Especially vulnerable are persons who become overly involved in the practice. This diagnosis is included in CCMD-2.
- rootwork A set of cultural interpretations that ascribe illness to hexing, witchcraft, sorcery, or evil influence of another person. Symptoms may include generalized anxiety and gastrointestinal complaints (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), weakness, dizziness, the fear of being poisoned, and sometimes fear of being killed (voodoo death). Roots, spells, or hexes can be put or placed on other person, causing a variety of emotional and psychological problems. The hexed person may even fear death until the root has been taken off (eliminated), usually through the work of a root doctor (a healer in this tradition), who can also be called on to bewitched an enemy. Rootwork is found in the southern United States among both African-American and European-American populations and in Caribbean societies. It is also known as mal puesto or brujeria in Latino societies.
- sangue dormido (“sleeping blood”) A syndrome found among Portuguese Cape Verde Islanders (and immigrants from there to the United States). It includes pain, numbness, tremor, paralysis, convulsions, stroke, blindness, heart attack, infection, and miscarriages.
- Shenjing shuariuo (“neurasthenia”) In China a condition characterized by physical and mental fatigue, dizziness, headaches, other pains, concentration difficulties, sleep disturbance, and memory loss. Other symptoms include gastrointestinal problems, sexual dysfunction, irritability, excitability, and various signs suggesting disturbance of the autonomic nervous system. In many cases the symptoms would meet the criteria for a DSM mood or anxiety disorder. The diagnosis is included in CCMD-2.
- shen-k'uei (Taiwan); shenkui (China) A Chinese folk label describing marked anxiety or panic symptoms with accompanying somatic complaints for which no physical cause can be demonstrated. Symptoms include dizziness, backache, fatigability, general weakness, insomnia, frequent dreams, and complaints of sexual dysfunction, such as premature ejaculation and impotence. Symptoms are attributed to excessive semen loss from frequent intercourse, masturbation, nocturnal emission, or passing of white turbid urine believed to contain semen. Excessive semen loss is feared because of the belief that it represents the loss of one's vital essence and can therefore be life threatening.
- shin-byung A Korean folk label for a syndrome in which initial phases are characterized by anxiety and somatic complaints (general weakness, dizziness, fear, anorexia, insomnia, gastrointestinal problems), with subsequent dissociation and possession by ancestral spirits.
- spell A trance state in which persons “communicate” with deceased relatives or spirits. At times the state is associated with brief periods of personality change. The culture-specific syndrome is seen among African-Americans and European-Americans from the southern United States. Spells are not considered to be medical events in the folk tradition but may be misconstrued as psychotic episodes in clinical settings.
- susto (frigh or “soul loss”) A folk illness prevalent among some Latinos in the United States and among people in Mexico, Central America, and South America. Susto is also referred to as espanto, pasmo, tripa ida, perdida del alma, or chibih. Susto is an illness attributed to a frightening event that causes the soul to leave the body and results in unhappiness and sickness. Persons with susto also experience significant strains in key social roles. Symptoms may appear any time from days to years after the fright is experienced. It is believed that in extreme cases, susto may result in death. Typical symptoms include appetite disturbances, inadequate or excessive sleep, troubled sleep or dreams, feelings of sadness, lack of motivation to do anything, and feelings of low self-worth or dirtiness. Somatic symptoms accompanying susto include muscle aches and pains, headache, stomachache, and diarrhea. Ritual healings are focused on calling the soul back to the body and cleansing the person to restore bodily and spiritual balance. Different experience of susto may be related to major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorders, and somatoform disorders. Similar etiological beliefs and symptom configurations are found in many parts of the world.
- taijin kyofu sho A culturally distinctive phobia in Japan, in some ways resembling social phobia in DSM. The syndrome refers to an intense fear that one's body, its parts or its functions, displease, embarrass, or are offensive to other people in appearance, odor, facial expressions, or movements. The syndrome is included in the official Japanese diagnostic system for mental disorders.
- zar A general term applied in Ethiopia, Somalia, Egypt, Sudan, Iran, and other North African and Middle Eastern societies to the experience of spirits possessing a person. Persons possessed by a spirit may experience dissociative episodes that may include shouting, laughing, hitting the head against a wall, singing, or weeping. They may show apathy and withdrawal, refusing to eat or carry out daily tasks or may develop a long-term relationship with the possessing spirit. Such behavior is not considered pathological locally.
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DSM-IV - Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder
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Other Psychotic Disorders
[From American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; copyright 2000.] ...
- Prominent hallucinations or delusions. Note: Do not include hallucinations if the person has insight that they are substance induced.
- There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings of either (1) or (2):
- the symptoms in Criterion A developed during, or within a month of, substance intoxication or withdrawal
- medication use is etiologically related to the disturbance
- The disturbance is not better accounted for by a psychotic disorder that is not substance induced. Evidence that the symptoms are better accounted for by a psychotic disorder that is not substance induced might include the following: the symptoms precede the onset of the substance use (or medication use); the symptoms persist for a substantial period of time (e.g., about a month) after the cessation of acute withdrawal or severe intoxication, or are substantially in excess of what would be expected given the type or amount of the substance used or the duration of use; or there is other evidence that suggests the existence of an independent non–substance-induced psychotic disorder (e.g., a history of recurrent non–substance-related episodes).
- The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium.
Note: This diagnosis should be made instead of a diagnosis of substance intoxication or substance withdrawal only when the symptoms are in excess of those usually associated with the intoxication or withdrawal syndrome and when the symptoms are sufficiently severe to warrant independent clinical attention.
Code [Specific substance]-induced psychotic disorder: (Alcohol, with delusions; alcohol, with hallucinations; amphetamine [or amphetaminelike substance], with delusions; amphetamine [or amphetaminelike substance], with hallucinations; cannabis, with delusions; cannabis, with hallucinations; cocaine, with delusions; cocaine, with hallucinations; hallucinogen, with delusions; hallucinogen, with hallucinations; inhalant, with delusions; inhalant, with hallucinations; opioid, with delusions; opioid, with hallucinations; phencyclidine [or phencyclidinelike substance], with delusions; phencyclidine [or phencyclidinelike substance], with hallucinations; sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic, with delusions; sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic, with hallucinations; other [or unknown] substance, with delusions; other [or unknown] substance, with hallucinations) Specify if:
With onset during intoxication: if criteria are met for intoxication with the substance and the symptoms develop during the intoxication syndrome
With onset during withdrawal: if criteria are met for withdrawal from the substance and the symptoms develop during, or shortly after, a withdrawal syndrome
With onset during intoxication: if criteria are met for intoxication with the substance and the symptoms develop during the intoxication syndrome
With onset during withdrawal: if criteria are met for withdrawal from the substance and the symptoms develop during, or shortly after, a withdrawal syndrome
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DSM-IV - Psychotic Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition
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Other Psychotic Disorders
[From American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; copyright 2000.] ...
- Prominent hallucinations or delusions
- There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is the direct physiological consequence of a general medical condition.
- The disturbance is not better accounted for by another mental disorder.
- The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium.
Code based on predominant symptom:
With delusions: if delusions are the predominant symptom
With hallucinations: if hallucinations are the predominant symptom
Coding note: Include the name of the general medical condition on Axis I, e.g., psychotic disorder due to malignant lung neoplasm, with delusions; also code the general medical condition on Axis III.
Coding note: If delusions are part of vascular dementia, indicate the delusions by coding the appropriate subtype, e.g., vascular dementia, with delusions.
With delusions: if delusions are the predominant symptom
With hallucinations: if hallucinations are the predominant symptom
Coding note: Include the name of the general medical condition on Axis I, e.g., psychotic disorder due to malignant lung neoplasm, with delusions; also code the general medical condition on Axis III.
Coding note: If delusions are part of vascular dementia, indicate the delusions by coding the appropriate subtype, e.g., vascular dementia, with delusions.
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ICD-10 - Other Nonorganic Psychotic Disorders
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Other Psychotic Disorders
[From World Health Organization. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Copyright, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1993.] ...
Psychotic disorders that do not meet the criteria for schizophrenia or for psychotic types of mood (affective) disorders, and psychotic disorders that do not meet the symptomatic criteria for persistent delusional disorder should be coded here (persistent hallucinatory disorder is an example). Combinations of symptoms not covered by the previous categories, such as delusions other than those listed as typically schizophrenic under criterion G1(1)b or d for schizophrenia (i.e., other than completely impossible or culturally inappropriate) plus catatonia, should also be included here.
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DSM-IV - Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified
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Other Psychotic Disorders
[From American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; copyright 2000.] ...
This category includes psychotic symptomatology (i.e., delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior) about which there is inadequate information to make a specific diagnosis or about which there is contradictory information, or disorders with psychotic symptoms that do not meet the criteria for any specific psychotic disorder. Examples include
- Postpartum psychosis that does not meet criteria for mood disorder with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition, or substance-induced psychotic disorder
- Psychotic symptoms that have lasted for less than 1 month but that have not yet remitted, so that the criteria for brief psychotic disorder are not met
- Persistent auditory hallucinations in the absence of any other features
- Persistent nonbizarre delusions with periods of overlapping mood episodes that have been present for a substantial portion of the delusional disturbance
- Situations in which the clinician has concluded that a psychotic disorder is present, but is unable to determine whether it is primary, due to a general medical condition, or substance induced
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ICD-10 - Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorders
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Other Psychotic Disorders
[From World Health Organization. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Copyright, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1993.] ...
G1. There is acute onset of delusions, hallucinations, incomprehensible or incoherent speech, or any combination of these. The time interval between the first appearance of any psychotic symptoms and the presentation of the fully developed disorder should not exceed 2 weeks.
G2. If transient states of perplexity, misidentification, or impairment of attention and concentration are present, they do not fulfill the criteria for organically caused clouding of consciousness as specified for delirium, not induced by alcohol and other psychoactive substances, criterion A.
G3. The disorder does not meet the symptomatic criteria for manic episode, depressive episode, or recurrent depressive disorder.
G4. There is insufficient evidence of recent psychoactive substance use to fulfill the criteria for intoxication, harmful use, dependence, or withdrawal states. The continued moderate and largely unchanged use of alcohol or drugs in amounts or with the frequency to which the individual is accustomed does not necessarily rule out the use of acute and transient psychotic disorders; this must be decided by clinical judgment and the requirements of the research project in question.
G5. Most commonly used exclusion clause. There must be no organic mental disorder or serious metabolic disturbances affecting the central nervous system (this does not include childbirth).
A fifth character should be used to specify whether the acute onset of the disorder is associated with acute stress (occurring 2 weeks or less before evidence of first psychotic symptoms):
Without associated acute stress
With associated acute stress
For research purposes, it is recommended that change of the disorder from a nonpsychotic to a clearly psychotic state is further specified as either abrupt (onset within 48 hours) or acute (onset in more than 48 hours but less than 2 weeks).
Acute polymorphic psychotic disorder without symptoms of schizophrenia
G2. If transient states of perplexity, misidentification, or impairment of attention and concentration are present, they do not fulfill the criteria for organically caused clouding of consciousness as specified for delirium, not induced by alcohol and other psychoactive substances, criterion A.
G3. The disorder does not meet the symptomatic criteria for manic episode, depressive episode, or recurrent depressive disorder.
G4. There is insufficient evidence of recent psychoactive substance use to fulfill the criteria for intoxication, harmful use, dependence, or withdrawal states. The continued moderate and largely unchanged use of alcohol or drugs in amounts or with the frequency to which the individual is accustomed does not necessarily rule out the use of acute and transient psychotic disorders; this must be decided by clinical judgment and the requirements of the research project in question.
G5. Most commonly used exclusion clause. There must be no organic mental disorder or serious metabolic disturbances affecting the central nervous system (this does not include childbirth).
A fifth character should be used to specify whether the acute onset of the disorder is associated with acute stress (occurring 2 weeks or less before evidence of first psychotic symptoms):
Without associated acute stress
With associated acute stress
For research purposes, it is recommended that change of the disorder from a nonpsychotic to a clearly psychotic state is further specified as either abrupt (onset within 48 hours) or acute (onset in more than 48 hours but less than 2 weeks).
Acute polymorphic psychotic disorder without symptoms of schizophrenia
- The general criteria for acute and transient psychotic disorders must be met.
- Symptoms change rapidly in both type and intensity from day to day or within the same day.
- Any type of either hallucinations or delusions occurs, for at least several hours, at any time from the onset of the disorder.
- Symptoms from at least two of the following categories occur at the same time:
- emotional turmoil, characterized by intense feelings of happiness or ecstasy, or overwhelming anxiety or marked irritability;
- perplexity, or misidentification of people or places;
- increased or decreased motility, to a marked degree.
- If any of the symptoms listed for schizophrenia, criterion G(1) and (2), are present, they are present only for a minority of the time from the onset; i.e., criterion B of acute polymorphic psychotic disorder with symptoms of schizophrenia is not fulfilled.
- The total duration of the disorder does not exceed 3 months.
Acute polymorphic psychotic disorder with symptoms of schizophrenia
- Criteria A, B, C, and D of acute polymorphic psychotic disorder must be met.
- Some of the symptoms for schizophrenia must have been present for the majority of the time since the onset of the disorder, although the full criteria need not be met, i.e., at least one of the symptoms in criteria G1(1)a to G1(2)c.
- The symptoms of schizophrenia in criterion B above do not persist for more than 1 month.
Acute schizophrenialike psychotic disorder
- The general criteria for acute and transient psychotic disorders must be met.
- The criteria for schizophrenia are met, with the exception of the criterion for duration.
- The disorder does not meet criteria B, C, and D for acute polymorphic psychotic disorder.
- The total duration of the disorder does not exceed 1 month.
Other acute predominantly delusional psychotic disorders
- The general criteria for acute and transient psychotic disorders must be met.
- Relatively stable delusions and/or hallucinations are present but do not fulfill the symptomatic criteria for schizophrenia.
- The disorder does not meet the criteria for acute polymorphic psychotic disorder.
- The total duration of the disorder does not exceed 3 months.
Other acute and transient psychotic disorders
Any other acute psychotic disorders that are not classifiable under any other category in acute and transient psychotic disorders (such as acute psychotic states in which definite delusions or hallucinations occur but persist for only small proportions of the time) should be coded here. States of undifferentiated excitement should also be coded here if more detailed information about the patient's mental state is not available, provided that there is no evidence of an organic cause.
Acute and transient psychotic disorder, unspecified
Any other acute psychotic disorders that are not classifiable under any other category in acute and transient psychotic disorders (such as acute psychotic states in which definite delusions or hallucinations occur but persist for only small proportions of the time) should be coded here. States of undifferentiated excitement should also be coded here if more detailed information about the patient's mental state is not available, provided that there is no evidence of an organic cause.
Acute and transient psychotic disorder, unspecified
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DSM-IV - Brief Psychotic Disorder
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Other Psychotic Disorders
[From American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; copyright 2000.] ...
- Presence of one (or more) of the following symptoms:
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence)
- grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Duration of an episode of the disturbance is at least 1 day but less than 1 month, with eventual full return to premorbid level of functioning.
- The disturbance is not better accounted for by a mood disorder with psychotic features, schizoaffective disorder, or schizophrenia and is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition.
Specify if:
With marked stressor(s) (brief reactive psychosis): if symptoms occur shortly after and apparently in response to events that, singly or together, would be markedly stressful to almost anyone in similar circumstances in the person's culture
Without marked stressor(s): if psychotic symptoms do not occur shortly after, or are not apparently in response to events that, singly or together, would be markedly stressful to almost anyone in similar circumstances in the person's culture
With postpartum onset: if onset within 4 weeks postpartum
With marked stressor(s) (brief reactive psychosis): if symptoms occur shortly after and apparently in response to events that, singly or together, would be markedly stressful to almost anyone in similar circumstances in the person's culture
Without marked stressor(s): if psychotic symptoms do not occur shortly after, or are not apparently in response to events that, singly or together, would be markedly stressful to almost anyone in similar circumstances in the person's culture
With postpartum onset: if onset within 4 weeks postpartum
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ICD-10 - Induced Delusional Disorder
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Other Psychotic Disorders
[From World Health Organization. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Copyright, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1993.] ...
- The individual(s) must develop a delusion or delusional system originally held by someone else with a disorder classified in schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, persistent delusional disorder, or acute and transient psychotic disorders.
- The people concerned must have an unusually close relationship with one another, and be relatively isolated from other people.
- The individual(s) must not have held the belief in question before contact with the other person, and must not have suffered from any other disorder classified in schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, persistent delusional disorder, or acute and transient psychotic disorders in the past.
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DSM-IV - Shared Psychotic Disorder
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Other Psychotic Disorders
[From American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; copyright 2000.] ...
- A delusion develops in an individual in the context of a close relationship with another person(s), who has an already-established delusion.
- The delusion is similar in content to that of the person who already has the established delusion.
- The disturbance is not better accounted for by another psychotic disorder (e.g., schizophrenia) or a mood disorder with psychotic features and is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition.
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ICD-10 - Delusional Disorders
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Other Psychotic Disorders
[From World Health Organization. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Copyright, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1993.] ...
Delusional disorder
- A delusion or a set of related delusions, other than those listed as typically schizophrenic in Criterion G1(1)b or d for paranoid, hebephrenic, or catatonic schizophrenia (i.e., other than completely impossible or culturally inappropriate), must be present. The commonest examples are persecutory, grandiose, hypochondriacal, jealous (zelotypic), or erotic delusions.
- The delusion(s) in Criterion A must be present for at least 3 months.
- The general criteria for schizophrenia are not fulfilled.
- There must be no persistent hallucinations in any modality (but there may be transitory or occasional auditory hallucinations that are not in the third person or giving a running commentary).
- Depressive symptoms (or even a depressive episode) may be present intermittently, provided that the delusions persist at times when there is no disturbance of mood.
- Most commonly used exclusion clause. There must be no evidence of primary or secondary organic mental disorder as listed under organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders, or of a psychotic disorder due to psychoactive substance use.
Specification for possible subtypes
The following types may be specified if desired: persecutory; litigious; self-referential; grandiose; hypochondriacal (somatic); jealous; erotomanic.
Other persistent delusional disorders
This is a residual category for persistent delusional disorders that do not meet the criteria for delusional disorder. Disorders in which delusions are accompanied by persistent hallucinatory voices or by schizophrenic symptoms that are insufficient to meet criteria for schizophrenia should be coded here. Delusional disorders that have lasted for less than 3 months should, however, be coded, at least temporarily, under acute and transient psychotic disorders.
Persistent delusional disorder, unspecified
The following types may be specified if desired: persecutory; litigious; self-referential; grandiose; hypochondriacal (somatic); jealous; erotomanic.
Other persistent delusional disorders
This is a residual category for persistent delusional disorders that do not meet the criteria for delusional disorder. Disorders in which delusions are accompanied by persistent hallucinatory voices or by schizophrenic symptoms that are insufficient to meet criteria for schizophrenia should be coded here. Delusional disorders that have lasted for less than 3 months should, however, be coded, at least temporarily, under acute and transient psychotic disorders.
Persistent delusional disorder, unspecified
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DSM-IV - Delusional Disorder
Labels:
Other Psychotic Disorders
[From American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; copyright 2000.] ...
- Nonbizarre delusions (i.e., involving situations that occur in real life, such as being followed, poisoned, infected, loved at a distance, or deceived by spouse or lover, or having a disease) of at least 1 month's duration.
- Criterion A for schizophrenia has never been met. Note: Tactile and olfactory hallucinations may be present in delusional disorder if they are related to the delusional theme.
- Apart from the impact of the delusion(s) or its ramifications, functioning is not markedly impaired and behavior is not obviously odd or bizarre.
- If mood episodes have occurred concurrently with delusions, their total duration has been brief relative to the duration of the delusional periods.
- The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition.
Specify type (the following types are assigned based on the predominant delusional theme):
Erotomanic type: delusions that another person, usually of higher status, is in love with the individual.
Grandiose type: delusions of inflated worth, power, knowledge, identity, or special relationship to a deity or famous person
Jealous type: delusions that the individual's sexual partner is unfaithful
Persecutory type: delusions that the person (or someone to whom the person is close) is being malevolently treated in some way
Somatic type: delusions that the person has some physical defect or general medical condition
Mixed type: delusions characteristic of more than one of the above types but no one theme predominates
Unspecified type
Erotomanic type: delusions that another person, usually of higher status, is in love with the individual.
Grandiose type: delusions of inflated worth, power, knowledge, identity, or special relationship to a deity or famous person
Jealous type: delusions that the individual's sexual partner is unfaithful
Persecutory type: delusions that the person (or someone to whom the person is close) is being malevolently treated in some way
Somatic type: delusions that the person has some physical defect or general medical condition
Mixed type: delusions characteristic of more than one of the above types but no one theme predominates
Unspecified type
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ICD-10 - Schizoaffective Disorders
Labels:
Other Psychotic Disorders
[From World Health Organization. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Copyright, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1993.] ...
| Note: This diagnosis depends upon an approximate “balance” between the number, severity, and duration of the schizophrenic and affective symptoms. G1. The disorder meets the criteria for one of the affective disorders of moderate or severe degree, as specified for each category. G2. Symptoms from at least one of the groups listed below must be clearly present for most of the time during a period of at least 2 weeks (these groups are almost the same as for schizophrenia):
G4. Most commonly used exclusion clause. The disorder is not attributable to organic mental disorder, or to psychoactive substance-related intoxication, dependence, or withdrawal. |
Schizoaffective disorder, manic type
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| Other schizoaffective disorders Schizoaffective disorder, unspecified |
| Comments If desired, further subtypes of schizoaffective disorder may be specified, according to the longitudinal development of the disorder, as follows: Concurrent affective and schizophrenic symptoms only Symptoms as defined in Criterion G2 for schizoaffective disorders Concurrent affective and schizophrenic symptoms beyond the duration of affective symptoms |
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DSM-IV - Schizoaffective Disorder
Labels:
Other Psychotic Disorders
[From American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; copyright 2000.] ...
- An uninterrupted period of illness during which, at some time, there is either a major depressive episode, a manic episode, or a mixed episode concurrent with symptoms that meet Criterion A for schizophrenia.
Note: The major depressive episode must include Criterion A1: depressed mood. - During the same period of illness, there have been delusions or hallucinations for at least 2 weeks in the absence of prominent mood symptoms.
- Symptoms that meet criteria for a mood episode are present for a substantial portion of the total duration of the active and residual periods of the illness.
- The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition.
Specify type:
Bipolar type: if the disturbance includes a manic or a mixed episode (or a manic or a mixed episode and major depressive episodes)
Depressive type: if the disturbance only includes major depressive episodes
Bipolar type: if the disturbance includes a manic or a mixed episode (or a manic or a mixed episode and major depressive episodes)
Depressive type: if the disturbance only includes major depressive episodes
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ICD-10 - Acute Schizophrenia-Like Psychotic Disorder
Labels:
Other Psychotic Disorders
[From World Health Organization. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Copyright, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1993.] ...
- The onset of psychotic symptoms must be acute (2 weeks or less from a nonpsychotic to a clearly psychotic state).
- Symptoms that fulfill the criteria of schizophrenia must have been present for the majority of time.
- The criteria for acute polymorphic psychotic disorder are not fulfilled.
If the psychotic symptoms last for more than 1 month, then the diagnosis should be changed to schizophrenia.
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DSM-IV - Schizophreniform Disorder
Labels:
Other Psychotic Disorders
[From American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; copyright 2000.] ...
- Criteria A, D, and E of schizophrenia are met.
- An episode of the disorder (including prodromal, active, and residual phases) lasts at least 1 month but less than 6 months. (When the diagnosis must be made without waiting for recovery, it should be qualified as “provisional.”)
Specify if:
Without good prognostic features With good prognostic features: as evidenced by two (or more) of the following:
Without good prognostic features With good prognostic features: as evidenced by two (or more) of the following:
- onset of prominent psychotic symptoms within 4 weeks of the first noticeable change in usual behavior or functioning
- confusion or perplexity at the height of the psychotic episode
- good premorbid social and occupational functioning
- absence of blunted or flat affect
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